日式景觀設計風格源自從漢末開始日本持續向中國派出的漢使全方位中國文化的學習使得日本園林景觀設計風格(ge)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀風格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)得到了長足的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和改變。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)始于漢代從漢末開(kai)始日(ri)(ri)本(ben)不斷向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)派出漢使全(quan)方位學習中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文化(hua)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)藝(yi)術就是(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)經過漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)變遷(qian)逐漸形成(cheng)(cheng)具有(you)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)民族特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)。 公元六(liu)世紀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)式園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)景(jing)觀藝(yi)術隨佛教(jiao)傳入(ru)(ru)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)初期相當于囿的(de)(de)(de)(de)苑園(yuan)因(yin)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)較為成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)技法(fa)除動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)外(wai)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)人工(gong)山水即更(geng)接近(jin)于人工(gong)園(yuan)。由于結合(he)了日(ri)(ri)本(ben)國(guo)(guo)土性質采(cai)用舟游的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式其內容有(you)山水部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)池、磯、須彌山等動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龜、魚、狗、馬等建筑有(you)苑、離宮、吳橋、畫舫等園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)活動(dong)(dong)有(you)狩獵、舟游、其水宴等。

      日(ri)式景觀(guan)設計風(feng)格雖(sui)然受(shou)我國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)藝術的(de)影響(xiang)但經(jing)過(guo)長期(qi)(qi)的(de)發展與創(chuang)新(xin)已(yi)形成日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)民族獨有(you)的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然式風(feng)格的(de)山水園(yuan)。可以認為日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)起初重在(zai)把中(zhong)國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)局部內容有(you)選擇、有(you)發展地兼收(shou)并蓄入(ru)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)文化(hua)傳統中(zhong)后來則通過(guo)中(zhong)國禪(chan)宗(zong)的(de)傳入(ru)把對(dui)(dui)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)精(jing)(jing)神的(de)追求推(tui)向極(ji)致(zhi)并產(chan)生有(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己風(feng)格的(de)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)形式。 日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)景觀(guan)設計以清(qing)純、自(zi)(zi)(zi)然的(de)風(feng)格聞(wen)名于(yu)世(shi)。它(ta)(ta)有(you)別于(yu)中(zhong)式園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)中(zhong)見自(zi)(zi)(zi)然而是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)中(zhong)見人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong).它(ta)(ta)著重體現和(he)象(xiang)(xiang)征自(zi)(zi)(zi)然界的(de)景觀(guan)避免人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)斧鑿(zao)的(de)痕跡創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)一種簡樸(pu)、清(qing)寧(ning)的(de)致(zhi)美境界。 在(zai)表現自(zi)(zi)(zi)然時(shi)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)更注重對(dui)(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然的(de)提煉(lian)、濃縮并創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)能使人(ren)(ren)入(ru)靜入(ru)定、超凡脫俗的(de)心靈感受(shou)從而使日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)具有(you)耐看、耐品、值得細(xi)(xi)細(xi)(xi)體會的(de)精(jing)(jing)巧(qiao)細(xi)(xi)膩含而不露(lu)的(de)特(te)色具有(you)突出(chu)的(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征性能引(yin)發觀(guan)賞者對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)生的(de)思索和(he)領悟。 日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)精(jing)(jing)彩之(zhi)處在(zai)于(yu)它(ta)(ta)的(de)小巧(qiao)而精(jing)(jing)致(zhi)枯(ku)寂而玄妙抽象(xiang)(xiang)而深(shen)邃。大(da)者不過(guo)一畝余小者僅幾(ji)平方米(mi)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)就是(shi)用這(zhe)種極(ji)少的(de)構成要素達到極(ji)大(da)的(de)意韻效(xiao)果。日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)雖(sui)早期(qi)(qi)受(shou)中(zhong)國園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)影響(xiang)但在(zai)長期(qi)(qi)的(de)發展過(guo)程中(zhong)形成了自(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)特(te)色尤其在(zai)小庭院方面產(chan)生了頗(po)有(you)特(te)色的(de)庭園(yuan)。

      從種類而(er)言日(ri)本(ben)(ben)庭園(yuan)(yuan)一般可分為(wei)枯(ku)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水、池(chi)泉(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)、筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)庭、平庭、茶庭、露地、回游式、觀賞式、坐(zuo)觀式、舟游式以及它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)等。 枯(ku)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水又叫(jiao)假山(shan)(shan)(shan)水是(shi)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)手法系日(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)(de)精華。其本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)意(yi)義是(shi)無(wu)水之(zhi)庭即(ji)在(zai)(zai)庭園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)敷白砂綴以石(shi)組或適量(liang)樹(shu)木因(yin)無(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)無(wu)水而(er)得名。 池(chi)泉(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)以池(chi)泉(quan)為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林構成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)現日(ri)本(ben)(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)林的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)特征即(ji)島國性國家的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征。園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)以水池(chi)為(wei)中(zhong)心布置島、瀑布、土(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、溪(xi)流、橋、亭、榭(xie)等。 筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)庭是(shi)在(zai)(zai)庭園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)堆(dui)土(tu)筑(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)假山(shan)(shan)(shan)綴以石(shi)組、樹(shu)木、飛石(shi)、石(shi)燈籠的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林構成(cheng)(cheng)。一般要求(qiu)有(you)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規模以表(biao)現開闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)常(chang)利用自然地形加(jia)以人(ren)工美化達到(dao)幽深(shen)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)景致。日(ri)本(ben)(ben)筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)庭中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國園(yuan)(yuan)林中(zhong)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)崗或阜(fu)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)稱(cheng)為(wei)筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崗阜(fu)或野筋坡度較緩(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)丘或山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰。日(ri)本(ben)(ben)庭院中(zhong)一般有(you)池(chi)泉(quan)但(dan)不一定有(you)筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)以池(chi)泉(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主筑(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)庭為(wei)輔(fu)。

      平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)即在(zai)(zai)平坦的(de)(de)(de)(de)基地上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行規劃和建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)平坦的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地上(shang)表現出一(yi)個山谷地帶或(huo)原(yuan)野的(de)(de)(de)(de)風景(jing)用各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)和溪(xi)流配(pei)置在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起組(zu)成(cheng)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)然(ran)景(jing)色多用草(cao)地、花(hua)壇等(deng)(deng)。根據庭(ting)(ting)(ting)內敷材不同而有(you)芝庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、苔(tai)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、砂庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)。平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和筑山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)都(dou)有(you)真、行、草(cao)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)格式(shi)(shi)。 茶(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)也叫露庭(ting)(ting)(ting)、露路是(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)茶(cha)道(dao)(dao)融入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)進(jin)(jin)行茶(cha)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮儀(yi)而創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)形式(shi)(shi)。面積很(hen)小可設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)筑山庭(ting)(ting)(ting)和平庭(ting)(ting)(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)入茶(cha)室前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)段空間(jian)里布置各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。步石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)路按一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路線經廁所、洗(xi)手缽后到(dao)達(da)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)地。茶(cha)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)猶(you)如中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)但空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化沒有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)層(ceng)(ceng)次豐富。其園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣氛是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)裸露的(de)(de)(de)(de)步石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象征崎嶇的(de)(de)(de)(de)山間(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徑以(yi)(yi)地上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)松葉暗示茂密森林(lin)(lin)(lin)以(yi)(yi)蹲踞式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)手缽象征圣(sheng)潔泉水(shui)以(yi)(yi)寺社(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圍(wei)墻、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)籠來模仿古剎神社(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肅穆清(qing)(qing)靜。 回(hui)游(you)式(shi)(shi)、觀(guan)(guan)賞式(shi)(shi)、坐(zuo)觀(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)、舟游(you)式(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指在(zai)(zai)大型庭(ting)(ting)(ting)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)有(you)回(hui)游(you)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環池設(she)(she)路或(huo)可兼(jian)作水(shui)面游(you)覽用的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)游(you)兼(jian)舟游(you)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環池設(she)(she)路等(deng)(deng)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)舟游(you)、回(hui)游(you)、坐(zuo)觀(guan)(guan)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)結合在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起從而增(zeng)加園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趣(qu)味(wei)性。有(you)別(bie)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)步移景(jing)隨日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)靜觀(guan)(guan)為(wei)主(zhu)。 日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)分之(zhi)(zhi)三都(dou)由植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和水(shui)體構成(cheng)因此從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)上(shang)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)配(pei)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個突出特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)同一(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不多常常是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)作為(wei)主(zhu)景(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)再(zai)選用另一(yi)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)作為(wei)點(dian)景(jing)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)次清(qing)(qing)楚形式(shi)(shi)簡潔但十分美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)。選材以(yi)(yi)常綠樹(shu)木(mu)為(wei)主(zhu)花(hua)卉較(jiao)少且(qie)多有(you)特(te)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)義如松樹(shu)代(dai)表長壽櫻花(hua)代(dai)表完美(mei)鳶尾代(dai)表純(chun)潔等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。